hypothetico-deductive method of the natural sciences (VI 261, 264).8 But Hirsch’s primary focus is on the goal of interpretation and the nature of the object that alone can satisfy that goal. The goal is “universally valid” or “absolutely valid” interpretation (VI 12, viii). This type of interpretation should give us “the meaning of the text” (VI 5). This does not mean absolute certainty. As in the natural sciences, here we are in a realm of fallibility and probability. We sometimes get it wrong,
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